What’s the capital A on the right of the input box?

It shows the configuration of your keyboard, allowing to change between alphabets, for example from latin to cyrillic or korean.

It is used for players discussing in different languages and needing different keyboard configurations.

EDIT: So I tested a bit around.

I installed the russian and english keyboard layouts on my Windows system and checked that I could switch from my french layout “FR” to russian “RU” or english “EN” by pressing ALT+SHIFT.

I then launched Starcraft 2. I can confirm that the “A” means latin characters and RU means cyrillic characters. English and French layouts both show an ‘A’ because both use the latin alphabet.